This simulation demonstrates the complete signal journey from analog to digital and back. The input is a pure sine wave that passes through an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC), which samples and quantizes it into discrete digital steps. These stepped waveforms represent the binary-coded signal levels. The output of the ADC is then fed into a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) that reconstructs the signal into a staircase waveform. Finally, the DAC output is smoothed using an active low-pass filt

LM324 is a general purpose operational amplifier chip widely used in analog signal processing and amplification circuits. #ic #amp #opamp #fyp | Bang Cand