Case-control studies involve two groups of people: people who have the disease (cases) and those who do not (controls). A retrospective case-control uses these two groups and looks back to the past for …

Jul 1, 2020 · In a classic case-control study, the outcome of interest is known, and prior exposure histories are obtained (ie, a retrospective design). Case-control studies are different from a …

Many valuable case-control studies, such as Lane and Claypon's 1926 investigation of risk factors for breast cancer, were retrospective investigations. Most sources of error due to confounding and bias …

While both study designs have their strengths and limitations, case-control studies are generally more efficient and cost-effective for studying rare outcomes, while retrospective cohort studies are better …

Sep 25, 2023 · Case control studies are also known as "retrospective studies" and "case-referent studies." Retrospective studies have more problems with data quality because they rely on memory …

A case-control study, although retrospective, is superior to a case series because of the presence of a control group. Cases with and without the condition of interest are iden-tified.

Case-control studies start by identifying a group of people who have experienced a specific outcome, and then look for specific exposures, health behaviors or other factors to try to determine the cause …

Jul 2, 2025 · Also referred to as case-control or historical cohort studies, they are a class of observational study designed to analyze pre-existing data to identify correlations, patterns, and …

Aug 29, 2025 · Case-control study in R explained step by step. This guide shows how to explore data, test associations, and gain key insights from retrospective analysis.

After a brief discussion of the history of case–control and retrospective cohort studies, this entry discusses the use, advantages, and disadvantages of the retrospective study design.