Oct 11, 2025 · 2.Polybius, the three spies and the forgotten battle of Zama (March 2021). In this paper I discuss some plausible links in the historiography of the three spies` stories and attempt to identify …

Dec 9, 2013 · Is Polybius a primary source for Hannibal? This article argues NO on the basis that the date Polybius wrote is not contemporaneous with Hannibal's life, however on the basis that Polybius …

Jun 20, 2025 · Polybius (10.37.4) states that prior to the battle Hasdrubal decided that if he defeated Scipio he would contemplate his next move, while if he lost he would gather as many survivors as he …

Apr 3, 2022 · Polybius points this out when giving his final thoughts on the First Punic War (1.63-64): 'It had lasted without a break for twenty-four years and is the longest, most unintermittent, and greatest …

Jul 12, 2024 · Battle of Magnesia, Near Roman Disaster? I recently read an interesting article by historian Ilkka Syvänne on the Battle of Magnesia. Syvänne presents the battle as a "near disaster" …

Mar 19, 2023 · It's the translation by the Classical scholar Robin Waterfield (Robin Waterfield - Wikipedia), this is a review of his translation of Polybius (Polybius, The Histories.

Oct 15, 2024 · Polybius’ account of a total of 12,000 prisoners may not be an exaggeration if those still loyal to Carthage in the town of and around Baecula are included; he does state specifically they …

Jan 25, 2012 · Polybius estimates the number at 70,000 foot and 4000 horse, while Livy gives a figure of 50,000 foot and 4500 horse. Whatever the figures, Scipio was likely outnumbered – his force …

Apr 8, 2017 · Polybius (III,33-38) describes the large forces Hannibal left in Spain, sent to defend North Africa, left with Hanno between the Ebro River and the Pyrenees; and says he crossed the Pyrenees …

Aug 22, 2019 · Can anyone recommend the best English translations of the Roman historians: Livy, Sallust, Suetonius, Tacitus, Cassius Dio, Plutarch, Polybius, Diodorus Siculus, Columella? I am …