In our bodies, there are trillions of cells. From white blood cells to skin cells, each type has its own specific function which helps us perform tasks and survive. But what makes up these cells and ...

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material found in nearly all living organisms. It carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all ...

Inside human cells, biology has pulled off the ultimate packing job, figuring out how to fit six feet of DNA into a nucleus ...

Supercoiling and looping can transmit mechanical stress along the DNA backbone that can promote the separation of the strands of the double helix at specific distant sites, exposing the DNA bases, ...

A change in the DNA sequence of a codon may not change the corresponding amino acid residue in the encoded protein because each residue can be encoded by several codons. This is called the Wobble ...

This image depicts the chemical structure of cytosine. It shows a hexagonal ring with nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, and a primary amine group attached to carbon 4. The two remaining positions ...

Children living in war-torn countries not only suffer from poor mental health outcomes, but war may cause adverse biological changes at the DNA level, which could have lifelong health impacts, ...

The expression pattern of a single gene or multiple genes can be investigated using a technique RNA microarray. In this technique, RNA molecules are ‘spotted’ onto a solid surface. These act as probes ...