Good building mechanical design requires a firm grasp of the mechanical engineering fundamentals (thermodynamics, psychrometrics, the fan laws, etc.). The same can be said about the BAS design needed ...

The most common arrangement, which is used with only minor variations from small drives of say 0.5 kW up to the largest industrial drives of several megawatts, is the so-called two-loop control. This ...

Learning the basics can ease loop tuning frustration and ensure stability. During plant operations, it seems that tuning control loops is an ongoing task, which can be a continual frustration to ...

Some wonder if AI will replace PID control loops. The reality is that, instead of replacing PID, AI is stepping in to help keep things running smoothly without upending regulatory trust. Think of AI ...

Feedback-control schemes for linear systems have been around since at least the 17 th century, regulating pressure and distance between millstones and then, famously, to control James Watt’s steam ...

Negative feedback is used in voltage regulators, point-of-load (POL) regulators, voltage references, operational amplifiers (op-amps), and other electronic circuits in order to produce an accurate ...