They form from the inside out. A thin tissue that adheres to the inner surfaces of the shell, called the mantle, and a thickened rim of muscular tissue at the mantle edge deposit new shell material at ...

Several times over the past months we’ve noted the anticipated effects of ocean acidification. As the atmosphere’s carbon dioxide content increases, some of it mixes with ocean water, forming carbonic ...

SEATTLE (AP) — Ocean acidification is damaging the shells of young Dungeness crab in the Pacific Northwest, an impact that scientists did not expect until much later this century, according to new ...

When an ecosystem changes, its inhabitants change, too. Which is exactly what's happening in the Pacific Ocean, where in some parts the water is acidifying at a rate greater than the rest of the world ...

Scientists have started to see some of the expected effects of Earth's increasing carbon dioxide burden: The shells of microscopic animals in the ocean are becoming thinner thanks to the ocean's ...

Until recently, the main threat to the lives of sea butterflies, tiny snails with winglike lobes that float in ocean currents, had been the fish and birds that rely on them as an important source of ...