Pew Research Center designed this study to assess the current state of online survey sampling methods – both probability-based and opt-in – and determine their accuracy on general population estimates ...

The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their ...

This study looks at how national public opinion polling in the United States changed from 2000 to 2022. It focuses on two aspects: the sample source(s) – that is, where the survey takers came from – ...