All patients with back pain should have a screening neurologic evaluation including motor function, perineal and lower extremity sensation, deep tendon reflexes, and Babinski reflexes. This brief ...

The lumbar spine includes five vertebrae that help with mobility and stability. Lumbar vertebrae are larger because they carry the load from your head down to the lower spine. The lumbar spine has a ...

Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), also referred to as a herniated disc, is a common spine pathology that occurs approximately 95% of the time at the L4-L5 or L5-S1 level (Fisher et al., 2004; Asch et ...

This Journal feature begins with a case vignette highlighting a common clinical problem. Evidence supporting various strategies is then presented, followed by a review of formal guidelines, when they ...