Heavy oil, characterised by its high viscosity and density, poses considerable challenges in extraction, transportation and refining. Upgrading techniques, particularly aquathermolysis, have emerged ...

A possible solution to this issue is plasma technology, which avoids the need for catalysts, high temperatures, and high pressures throughout the process. Additionally, it benefits from a quick ...

A recent study evaluated different processing schemes to produce synthetic crude oil (SCO) from heavy crudes, such as Canadian oil sands. The price spread between SCO and heavy oil can vary depending ...

WTI, Brent and Dubai oil are the three major oil benchmarks that serve as reference prices for traders. Meanwhile, the ...