The quasi-geostrophic (QG) equations form a cornerstone of geophysical fluid dynamics, capturing the evolution of potential vorticity in a rotating, stratified fluid under near-geostrophic balance. By ...

In order to understand currents, tides and other ocean dynamics, scientists need to accurately capture sea surface height, or a snapshot of the ocean's surface, including peaks and valleys due to ...

From the jet stream to storm systems, the invisible tug-of-war between warm and cold air masses shapes the weather we feel every day. Understanding concepts like geopotential height, thermal wind, and ...